The Department of Physical Therapy at Chung Shan Medical University (CSMU) was established in 1985 as part of the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, becoming the second academic program in Taiwan dedicated to training professional physical therapists. In 2000, it became an independent department to reflect increasing professional specialization. The master's program was officially launched in 2013 with its first cohort of graduate students.

In response to Taiwan’s demographic shifts—including a declining birthrate and rapidly aging population—the department has redefined its undergraduate and graduate programs to align with evolving healthcare needs, national policies, and global trends in physical therapy. Clear educational goals and core competencies have been established, supported by strategies that emphasize faculty cohesion, interdisciplinary development, and alumni engagement. Curriculum planning and evaluation are reviewed regularly, with open channels for student participation in departmental planning.

Over the years, the department has become a dynamic educational and research unit known for its strong academic environment, experienced faculty, responsive mentoring system, creative learning resources, diverse student activities, opportunities for international observation, and scholarships that recognize exceptional performance.